Τετάρτη 27 Μαΐου 2020


High frequency of knockdown resistance mutations in the para gene of cat flea ( Ctenocephalides felis ) samples collected from goats
Abstract Fleas are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. In livestock such as sheep and goat, flea bites cause many clinical signs. Several types of insecticides including pyrethroids are used to struggle against fleas. The widespread use of these insecticides causes an increase in the number of resistant individuals in flea populations. T929V and L1014F mutations corresponding to pyrethroid resistance have been found in the para gene of cat fleas. We aimed to investigate T929V...
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New York State dairy farmers’ perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance: A qualitative interview study
by Michelle Wemette, Amelia Greiner Safi, Wendy Beauvais, Kristina Ceres, Michael Shapiro, Paolo Moroni, Francis L. Welcome, Renata Ivanek Antibiotic resistance is a global problem affecting both human and animal health. Ensuring the strategic and effective use of antibiotics is paramount to combatting the emergence and spread of resistance. This study explored New York State (NYS) dairy farmers’ perceptions regarding antibiotic use in dairy farming and antibiotic resistance. Dairy farmers’...
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Increased therapeutic effect on medullary thyroid cancer using a combination of radiation and tyrosine kinase inhibitors
by Viktor Sandblom, Johan Spetz, Emman Shubbar, Mikael Montelius, Ingun Ståhl, John Swanpalmer, Ola Nilsson, Eva Forssell-Aronsson Since patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) often have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, the development of efficient systemic treatment options for MTC is important. Vandetanib and cabozantinib are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that were recently approved by FDA and EMA for systemic treatment of metastatic MTC. Additionally, since MTC is...
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Risk for development of inflammatory bowel disease under inhibition of interleukin 17: A systematic review and meta-analysis
by Johan Burisch, Wolfgang Eigner, Stefan Schreiber, Daniel Aletaha, Wolfgang Weninger, Michael Trauner, Walter Reinisch, Neeraj Narula Objective Cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during treatment with interleukin (IL)-17 antagonists have been reported from trials in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of this study was to assess the overall risk for development of IBD due to IL-17 inhibition. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted...
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Clinical validity of two different grading systems for lumbar central canal stenosis: Schizas and Lee classification systems
by Yeon-jee Ko, Eugene Lee, Joon Woo Lee, Chi Young Park, Jungheum Cho, Yusuhn Kang, Joong Mo Ahn Objective To assess the learnability of two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading systems for lumbar central canal stenosis based on inter-observer agreement and test-retest reliability of doctors with no prior knowledge of the two systems. Materials and methods Two clinical fellows, one novice radiology resident, one neurosurgeon, and one orthopedic surgeon, who were unaware of the two qualitative...
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Environmental non-governmental organizations and global environmental discourse
by Stefan Partelow, Klara Johanna Winkler, Gregory M. Thaler Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) exist worldwide, and since the 1980s they have increasingly influenced global environmental politics and environmental discourse. We analyze an original dataset of 679 ENGOs participating in global environmental conventions in the mid-2010s, and we apply quantitative content analysis to ENGO mission statements to produce an inductive typology of global environmental discourse. Discourse...
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Characterization of histone modification patterns and prediction of novel promoters using functional principal component analysis
by Mijeong Kim, Shili Lin Characterization of distinct histone methylation and acetylation binding patterns in promoters and prediction of novel regulatory regions remains an important area of genomic research, as it is hypothesized that distinct chromatin signatures may specify unique genomic functions. However, methods that have been proposed in the literature are either descriptive in nature or are fully parametric and hence more restrictive in pattern discovery. In this article, we propose...
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A chronological model for the Late Paleolithic at Shuidonggou Locality 2, North China
by Fei Peng, Sam C. Lin, Ilaria Patania, Vladimir Levchenko, Jialong Guo, Huimin Wang, Xing Gao The site of Shuidonggou Locality 2 offers important evidence for the Late Paleolithic sequence of north China. The site not only contains one of the earliest instances of ornamental freshwater shell and ostrich eggshell beads in the region, but also stone artifacts with features arguably resembling the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) blade technology found farther north. The appearance of these innovative...
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Influenza vaccine efficacy induced by orally administered recombinant baculoviruses
by Swarnendu Basak, Hae-Ji Kang, Su-Hwa Lee, Ki-Back Chu, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan Although vaccine delivery through the oral route remains the most convenient and safest way for mass immunization purposes, this method is limited by the requirement for large antigen doses and low vaccine efficacy. In this study, we generated recombinant baculoviruses (rBVs) expressing influenza hemagglutinin (A/PR/8/34) and orally delivered a low dose of rBVs to evaluate its vaccine efficacy in mice. Intranasal...
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EEG dynamical network analysis method reveals the neural signature of visual-motor coordination
by Xinzhe Li, Bruno Mota, Toshiyuki Kondo, Slawomir Nasuto, Yoshikatsu Hayashi Human visual-motor coordination is an essential function of movement control, which requires interactions of multiple brain regions. Understanding the cortical-motor coordination is important for improving physical therapy for motor disabilities. However, its underlying transient neural dynamics is still largely unknown. In this study, we applied an eigenvector-based dynamical network analysis method to investigate...
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Gender differences in the longitudinal association between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism in the Australian working population
by Syed Afroz Keramat, Khorshed Alam, Jeff Gow, Stuart J. H. Biddle Background Excess weight can increase absenteeism of workers and can have a negative influence on their productivity. Current evidence on this association is mostly based on cross-sectional data and there is little evidence concerning the longitudinal relationship between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism. Further, gender differences in this association have often ignored in the existing literature. Objectives...
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Reproducibility of individual effect sizes in meta-analyses in psychology
by Esther Maassen, Marcel A. L. M. van Assen, Michèle B. Nuijten, Anton Olsson-Collentine, Jelte M. Wicherts To determine the reproducibility of psychological meta-analyses, we investigated whether we could reproduce 500 primary study effect sizes drawn from 33 published meta-analyses based on the information given in the meta-analyses, and whether recomputations of primary study effect sizes altered the overall results of the meta-analysis. Results showed that almost half (k = 224) of all sampled...
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Unique insights from ClinicalTrials.gov by mining protein mutations and RSids in addition to applying the Human Phenotype Ontology
by Shray Alag Researchers and clinicians face a significant challenge in keeping up-to-date with the rapid rate of new associations between genetic mutations and diseases. To remedy this problem, this research mined the ClinicalTrials.gov corpus to extract relevant biological insights, produce unique reports to summarize findings, and make the meta-data available via APIs. An automated text-analysis pipeline performed the following features: parsing the ClinicalTrials.gov files, extracting and...
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Exploring the utility of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI in burned area mapping for a heterogenous savannah landscape
by Fiona Ngadze, Kudzai Shaun Mpakairi, Blessing Kavhu, Henry Ndaimani, Monalisa Shingirayi Maremba When wildfires are controlled, they are integral to the existence of savannah ecosystems and play an intrinsic role in maintaining their structure and function. Ample studies on wildfire detection and severity mapping are available but what remains a challenge is the accurate mapping of burnt areas in heterogenous landscapes. In this study, we tested which spectral bands contributed most to burnt...
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Can we decode phonetic features in inner speech using surface electromyography?
by Ladislas Nalborczyk, Romain Grandchamp, Ernst H. W. Koster, Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti, Hélène Lœvenbruck Although having a long history of scrutiny in experimental psychology, it is still controversial whether wilful inner speech (covert speech) production is accompanied by specific activity in speech muscles. We present the results of a preregistered experiment looking at the electromyographic correlates of both overt speech and inner speech production of two phonetic classes of nonwords....
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Hahahahaha, Duuuuude, Yeeessss!: A two-parameter characterization of stretchable words and the dynamics of mistypings and misspellings
by Tyler J. Gray, Christopher M. Danforth, Peter Sheridan Dodds Stretched words like ‘heellllp’ or ‘heyyyyy’ are a regular feature of spoken language, often used to emphasize or exaggerate the underlying meaning of the root word. While stretched words are rarely found in formal written language and dictionaries, they are prevalent within social media. In this paper, we examine the frequency distributions of ‘stretchable words’ found in roughly 100 billion tweets authored over an 8 year period....
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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 may invalidate T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> assay results in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A retrospective case-control observational study
by Kunihiko Umekita, Yayoi Hashiba, Kosho Iwao, Chihiro Iwao, Masatoshi Kimura, Yumi Kariya, Kazuyoshi Kubo, Shunichi Miyauchi, Risa Kudou, Yuki Rikitake, Katoko Takajo, Takeshi Kawaguchi, Motohiro Matsuda, Ichiro Takajo, Eisuke Inoue, Toshihiko Hidaka, Akihiko Okayama Background CD4-positive T cells are the main target of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Interferon-γ release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes release this cytokine when exposed to tuberculosis-specific antigens...
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Radiocarbon dating the Greek Protogeometric and Geometric periods: The evidence of Sindos
by Stefanos Gimatzidis, Bernhard Weninger Mediterranean Early Iron Age chronology was mainly constructed by means of Greek Protogeometric and Geometric ceramic wares, which are widely used for chronological correlations with the Aegean. However, Greek Early Iron Age chronology that is exclusively based on historical evidence in the eastern Mediterranean as well as in the contexts of Greek colonisation in Sicily has not yet been tested by extended series of radiocarbon dates from well-dated stratified...
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Microbial plankton configuration in the epipelagic realm from the Beagle Channel to the Burdwood Bank, a Marine Protected Area in Sub-Antarctic waters
by Valeria A. Guinder, Andrea Malits, Carola Ferronato, Bernd Krock, John Garzón-Cardona, Ana Martínez Marine microbial plankton hold high structural and functional diversity, however, high-resolution data are lacking in a large part of the Global Ocean, such as in subpolar areas of the SW Atlantic. The Burdwood Bank (BB) is a submerged plateau (average depth 100 m) that constitutes the westernmost segment of the North Scotia Ridge (54°–55°S; 56°–62°W). The BB hosts rich benthic biodiversity...
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Adoption of image surface parameters under moving edge computing in the construction of mountain fire warning method
by Chen Cheng, Hui Zhou, Xuchao Chai, Yang Li, Danning Wang, Yao Ji, Shichuan Niu, Ying Hou In order to cope with the problems of high frequency and multiple causes of mountain fires, it is very important to adopt appropriate technologies to monitor and warn mountain fires through a few surface parameters. At the same time, the existing mobile terminal equipment is insufficient in image processing and storage capacity, and the energy consumption is high in the data transmission process, which...
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Changes in <i>Emberiza</i> bunting communities and populations spanning 100 years in Korea
by Chang-Yong Choi, Hyun-Young Nam, Han-Kyu Kim, Se-Young Park, Jong-Gil Park The rapid decline of a few Emberiza bunting species is increasing conservation concerns, especially in Asia. However, temporal changes in communities and populations of buntings, ones of the most common migratory songbirds in Korea, have not been quantitatively assessed. To understand how the status of buntings has changed over the past 100 years, we collated abundance data from museum collections and bird-banding...
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Competition and private R&D investment
by Thomas Grebel, Lionel Nesta We investigate the determinants of the sign of Research and Development reaction functions of rival firms. Using a two-stage n-firm Cournot competition game, we show that this sign depends on four types of environments in terms of product rivalry and technology spillovers. We test the predictions of the model on the world’s largest manufacturing corporations. Assuming that firms make R&D investments based on the R&D effort of the representative rival company,...
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High frequencies of theropod bite marks provide evidence for feeding, scavenging, and possible cannibalism in a stressed Late Jurassic ecosystem
by Stephanie K. Drumheller, Julia B. McHugh, Miriam Kane, Anja Riedel, Domenic C. D’Amore Bite marks provide direct evidence for trophic interactions and competition in the fossil record. However, variations in paleoecological dynamics, such as trophic relationships, feeding behavior, and food availability, govern the frequency of these traces. Theropod bite marks are particularly rare, suggesting that members of this clade might not often focus on bone as a resource, instead preferentially...
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Genome skimming and microsatellite analysis reveal contrasting patterns of genetic diversity in a rare sandhill endemic (<i>Erysimum teretifolium</i>, Brassicaceae)
by José Carlos del Valle, Julie A. Herman, Justen B. Whittall Barriers between islands often inhibit gene flow creating patterns of isolation by distance. In island species, the majority of genetic diversity should be distributed among isolated populations. However, a self-incompatible mating system leads to higher genetic variation within populations and very little between-population subdivision. We examine these two contrasting predictions in Erysimum teretifolium, a rare self-incompatible...
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Specific adaptations are selected in opposite sun exposed Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities as revealed by untargeted metabolomics
by Claudia Coleine, Federica Gevi, Giuseppina Fanelli, Silvano Onofri, Anna Maria Timperio, Laura Selbmann Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities are self-supporting borderline ecosystems spreading across the extreme conditions of the Antarctic desert and represent the predominant life-form in the ice-free areas of McMurdo Dry Valleys, accounted as the closest terrestrial Martian analogue. Components of these communities are highly adapted extremophiles and extreme-tolerant microorganisms, among...
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Structure-based drug repositioning explains ibrutinib as VEGFR2 inhibitor
by Melissa F. Adasme, Daniele Parisi, Kristien Van Belle, Sebastian Salentin, V. Joachim Haupt, Gary S. Jennings, Jörg-Christian Heinrich, Jean Herman, Ben Sprangers, Thierry Louat, Yves Moreau, Michael Schroeder Many drugs are promiscuous and bind to multiple targets. On the one hand, these targets may be linked to unwanted side effects, but on the other, they may achieve a combined desired effect (polypharmacology) or represent multiple diseases (drug repositioning). With the growth of 3D...
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High acceptability and viral suppression of patients on Dolutegravir-based first-line regimens in pilot sites in Uganda: A mixed-methods prospective cohort study
by Vennie Mbaziira Nabitaka, Pamela Nawaggi, Jennifer Campbell, James Conroy, Joseph Harwell, Kinanga Magambo, Caroline Middlecote, Benvy Caldwell, Cordelia Katureebe, Norah Namuwenge, Rita Atugonza, Andrew Musoke, Joshua Musinguzi Uganda adopted the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) as part its preferred first-line HIV treatment regimen in 2018. Prior to the national rollout, the Uganda Ministry of Health and Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) launched a pilot study in July 2017 aimed...
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Freshwater fisheries conservation can increase biodiversity
by Declan Butorac, Paulo Santos, Phousavanh Phouvin, Francois Guegan We evaluate the impact of a fisheries management program centered on the definition of Fish Conservation Zones on biodiversity, measured as the number of species caught in the last 12 months. Data comes from a set of 32 villages in central Lao PDR, of which half participated in the program, and the remaining are a set of matched control villages. The estimated causal effects are large (an increase between 29 and 32 species)...
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